Consider the following statements regarding the status of peasants in early medieval India: 1. Peasants were often transferred to the donees along with the granted land, restricting their freedom of movement. 2. The imposition of forced labor (Vishti) became highly prevalent and was legally sanctioned through land charters. 3. The state directly collected all agricultural taxes, bypassing the intermediary Samantas to protect peasant interests. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Options:

  • A: 1 and 3 only
  • B: 2 and 3 only
  • C: 1 and 2 only
  • D: 1, 2 and 3

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