With reference to the structural and linguistic conventions of classical Sanskrit drama during the Gupta period, consider the following statements: 1. Classical Sanskrit plays of the Gupta era are characterized by a happy ending (sukhantha), avoiding tragic conclusions. 2. They exhibit a strict social hierarchy in language, where elite male characters speak Sanskrit, while women and lower-class characters speak various dialects of Prakrit. 3. The plays often begin with a benedictory stanza (Nandi) and conclude with a formal prayer (Bharatavakya). Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Options:

• A: 1, 2 and 3
• B: 1 and 2 only
• C: 2 and 3 only
• D: 1 and 3 only

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