Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R). **Assertion (A):** The Moderate phase of the Indian National Congress (1885–1905) failed to acquire a mass character and remained confined to the urban educated elite. **Reason (R):** The early Moderate leaders believed that the political consciousness of the Indian masses was not yet fully developed and that direct mass involvement could lead to violent suppression by the colonial state. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Options:

• A: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• B: Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
• C: (A) is true but (R) is false.
• D: (A) is false but (R) is true.

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