With reference to the Anglo-Dutch commercial rivalry over the saltpetre trade in Bihar, consider the following statements: 1. The Dutch East India Company maintained a dominant position in the Bihar saltpetre trade until their military defeat at the Battle of Bedara in 1759. 2. In 1758, Nawab Mir Jafar granted the English East India Company a monopoly (ijara) over the purchase of saltpetre in Bihar, severely crippling Dutch trade. 3. During the American War of Independence, the British seized the Dutch factory at Patna as Great Britain and the Dutch Republic were at war. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Options:

• A: 1 and 2 only
• B: 2 and 3 only
• C: 1 and 3 only
• D: 1, 2 and 3

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