Arrange the following stages in the evolution of statehood and administrative complexity in ancient Bihar/India from earliest to latest: 1. Emergence of territorial states (Janapadas) with rudimentary administrative structures. 2. Tribal chiefdoms (Ganas) with voluntary tribute systems. 3. Highly centralized bureaucratic empires (Mauryas) with professional standing armies. 4. Consolidation of Mahajanapadas with permanent standing armies and institutionalized taxation. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Options:

• A: 2-1-4-3
• B: 1-2-4-3
• C: 2-4-1-3
• D: 1-4-2-3

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