In the northern plains of Bihar, particularly in the Kosi-Gandak interfluve, the primary driver of soil degradation is waterlogging (locally associated with 'Chaur' formation). Which of the following physical and anthropogenic factors is the most critical driver of this phenomenon?

Options:

• A: High rate of wind erosion during the summer months stripping the topsoil.
• B: Seepage from unlined canals combined with flat topography and impermeable clay pan in the subsoil.
• C: Excessive application of chemical fertilizers leading to structural collapse of sandy soils.
• D: Tectonic upliftment of the Himalayan foothills causing sudden drainage reversals.

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