With reference to the transition of urban centers in the Middle Gangetic plains (including Bihar) during the late Gupta and post-Gupta eras, consider the following statements: 1. Archaeological excavations at sites like Vaishali and Chirand show a distinct phase of structural decline and abandonment during the late Gupta and post-Gupta periods. 2. The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang (Hsuan Tsang) observed Pataliputra in a highly prosperous state, filled with active Buddhist monasteries and bustling international trade markets. 3. The decline of urban centers was closely linked to the disruption of the Indo-Roman trade and the rise of self-sufficient rural economies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Options:
- A: 1 and 2 only
- B: 1 and 3 only
- C: 2 and 3 only
- D: 1, 2 and 3
Related Practice Questions:
- Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R): Assertion (A): The Cabinet Mission Plan of $1946$ officially recommended the immediate partition of India into two separate sovereign nations. Reason (R): The Mission concluded that a separate state of Pakistan would not solve the communal minority problem and would create serious defense and communication complications. In the context of the above statements, which of the following is correct?
- Who was the Premier of Bengal during the Direct Action Day riots in $August \text{ } 1946$$, who faced severe criticism for his administration's failure to control the violence?
- In which of the following districts of East Bengal did Mahatma Gandhi spend nearly $4$ months from $November \text{ } 1946$ to $March \text{ } 1947$ to restore communal harmony after the outbreak of horrific riots?
- Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R): Assertion (A): The Muslim League withdrew its acceptance of the Cabinet Mission Plan on $29 \text{ July } 1946$ and passed the 'Direct Action' resolution. Reason (R): Jawaharlal Nehru's press conference on $10 \text{ July } 1946$ stated that the Congress was completely free to change or modify the Cabinet Mission Plan in the Constituent Assembly. In the context of the above statements, which of the following is correct?