With reference to the transition of urban centers in the Middle Gangetic plains (including Bihar) during the late Gupta and post-Gupta eras, consider the following statements: 1. Archaeological excavations at sites like Vaishali and Chirand show a distinct phase of structural decline and abandonment during the late Gupta and post-Gupta periods. 2. The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang (Hsuan Tsang) observed Pataliputra in a highly prosperous state, filled with active Buddhist monasteries and bustling international trade markets. 3. The decline of urban centers was closely linked to the disruption of the Indo-Roman trade and the rise of self-sufficient rural economies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Options:

• A: 1 and 2 only
• B: 1 and 3 only
• C: 2 and 3 only
• D: 1, 2 and 3

Related Practice Questions:

• Let $S_1$ and $S_2$ be two disjoint, non-empty convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Under which of the following conditions is there guaranteed to exist a hyperplane that strictly separates $S_1$ and $S_2$?
• Let the primal linear programming problem be: Maximize $Z = c^T x$ subject to $Ax \le b, x \ge 0$. If this primal problem has an unbounded optimal objective value, then which of the following statements is always true regarding its dual problem?
• Let $S = \{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \mid x^2 + y^2 \le 9\}$ be a convex set in $\mathbb{R}^2$. The set of all extreme points of $S$ is given by:
• In a linear programming problem with $3$ independent equality constraints and $5$ variables (including slack/surplus variables), what is the maximum possible number of basic solutions?