How did Aryabhata scientifically explain the phenomena of solar and lunar eclipses, challenging the prevailing mythological beliefs of his time?

Options:

• A: By attributing them to the gravitational pull exerted by the outer planets on the Earth.
• B: By explaining that lunar eclipses are caused by the shadow of the Earth falling on the Moon, and solar eclipses by the Moon coming between the Earth and the Sun.
• C: By proposing that the Sun periodically loses its luminosity due to internal solar flares.
• D: By calculating the exact atmospheric refraction of light during the equinoxes.

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