The early civil and peasant rebellions against the British East India Company were characterized by specific structural changes introduced by the colonial state. In this context, consider the following statements: 1. The commercialization of land and the introduction of the 'Sunset Law' led to the rapid transfer of land from traditional hereditary zamindars to urban merchants. 2. The demobilization of local native armies and militias by the British created a large class of unemployed armed men who joined these rebellions. 3. The British policy of replacing traditional grain-based rent with fixed cash payments severely affected the peasantry during periods of crop failure. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Options:

• A: 1 and 2 only
• B: 1, 2 and 3
• C: 2 and 3 only
• D: 1 and 3 only

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