Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R). **Assertion (A):** The widespread adoption of iron technology, particularly iron plowshares, was the sole primary driver for the agricultural surplus that triggered the second urbanization in the Middle Gangetic Plains. **Reason (R):** The heavy, alluvial soil of the Middle Gangetic basin could not be cleared or deeply cultivated without the use of heavy iron implements. In the context of the above statements, which of the following is correct?

Options:

• A: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• B: Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• C: (A) is true but (R) is false.
• D: (A) is false but (R) is true.

Related Practice Questions:

• Let $S_1$ and $S_2$ be two disjoint, non-empty convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Under which of the following conditions is there guaranteed to exist a hyperplane that strictly separates $S_1$ and $S_2$?
• Let the primal linear programming problem be: Maximize $Z = c^T x$ subject to $Ax \le b, x \ge 0$. If this primal problem has an unbounded optimal objective value, then which of the following statements is always true regarding its dual problem?
• Let $S = \{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \mid x^2 + y^2 \le 9\}$ be a convex set in $\mathbb{R}^2$. The set of all extreme points of $S$ is given by:
• In a linear programming problem with $3$ independent equality constraints and $5$ variables (including slack/surplus variables), what is the maximum possible number of basic solutions?