With reference to the use of judicial torture and investigation in Kautilya's Arthashastra, consider the following statements: 1. Kautilya permits the use of judicial torture (Karma-karana) to extract confessions, but only when there is strong circumstantial evidence. 2. Pregnant women, minors, the aged, and the infirm were strictly exempted from judicial torture. 3. A confession obtained through torture without supporting circumstantial evidence was considered legally binding and sufficient for conviction. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Options:

• A: 1 and 2 only
• B: 2 and 3 only
• C: 1 and 3 only
• D: 1, 2 and 3

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