Consider the following statements regarding the socio-economic factors that led to the rise of Shramana traditions in the 6th century BCE: 1. The expansion of agriculture in the Middle Gangetic Plains was heavily dependent on animal husbandry, which conflicted with the large-scale animal sacrifices (Pashubandha) of the Later Vedic rituals. 2. The rising merchant class (Gahapatis and Setthis) favored heterodox sects because Buddhism and Jainism provided moral and religious sanction to trade, usury, and maritime travel, which were condemned by Brahmanical texts. 3. Magadha's geographical isolation from the core Kuru-Panchala Vedic zone allowed heterodox ideas to flourish with less orthodox resistance. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Options:

  • A: 1 and 2 only
  • B: 2 and 3 only
  • C: 1 and 3 only
  • D: 1, 2 and 3

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