What is the fundamental structural difference between 'Tax Devolution' and 'Grants-in-aid' recommended by the Finance Commission under the Indian fiscal federal framework?

Options:

• A: Tax devolution is funded through external borrowings of the Union Government, while grants-in-aid are funded entirely from capital receipts.
• B: Tax devolution is determined by the Planning Commission, while grants-in-aid are determined exclusively by the Finance Commission.
• C: Tax devolution is a discretionary transfer under Article 282, whereas grants-in-aid are mandatory constitutional shares under Article 270.
• D: Tax devolution represents an unconditional share of the states in the divisible pool of central taxes, whereas grants-in-aid can be conditional, targeted, and are meant to address specific fiscal gaps.

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