In the Mauryan taxation framework, how did 'Hiranya' differ fundamentally from 'Bhaga'?

Options:

  • A: Bhaga was a tax on trade and commerce paid in cash, whereas Hiranya was a land tax paid in kind.
  • B: Bhaga was the state's share of agricultural produce paid in kind, whereas Hiranya was a tax paid in cash, typically by cash-crop cultivators or artisans.
  • C: Bhaga was a religious tribute levied on special occasions, whereas Hiranya was a regular water tax.
  • D: Bhaga was a tax levied on forest produce, whereas Hiranya was a toll tax collected at city gates.

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