Consider the following statements regarding 'Pranaya' (emergency taxes/benevolences) in the Mauryan fiscal system: 1. 'Pranaya' was a voluntary contribution made by wealthy merchants to the Mauryan treasury during peacetime. 2. The Arthashastra states that Pranaya could be levied only once during a crisis and should not be made a regular feature. 3. Certain groups, such as forest dwellers, spiritual teachers (Acharyas), and those living in sterile tracts, were exempted from Pranaya. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Options:

• A: 1 and 2 only
• B: 1 and 3 only
• C: 2 only
• D: 2 and 3 only

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